The Space Race from the Global South: How Non-Aligned Nations Saw the Cold War in the Heavens

In the 1960s, as the United States and the Soviet Union raced to the Moon, developing nations from Zambia to India watched with a mix of awe, skepticism, and their own cosmic ambitions. Drawing on contemporary newspapers, official records, and the words of figures like Vikram Sarabhai and Zambia’s Nkoloso, this article reveals how the Global South interpreted the Cold War in the heavens.

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